Abstract:The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation in January 2025 are as follows. The polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere exhibited a dipole pattern, the East Asian trough was more eastward, and the southern branch trough was weaker. The monthly average precipitation (9.3 mm) over China was 30.1% less than the average value 13.3 mm in the same period of normal years. Moreover, the spatial distribution of precipitation was uneven, more in the north and less in the south of China. The monthly mean temperature was -3.3℃, which is 1.5℃ higher than in the same period of normal years (-4.8℃). Temperatures fluctuated significantly throughout the month, with one nationwide cold wave event and one large-scale persistent fog-haze weather event. The cold wave and snow-rain event from 23 to 27 was characterized by severe temperature drop, strong wind force, widespread rain and snow with substantial accumulated precipitation, heavy snowfall and deep snow depth. As a result, many new weather records were built in many regions.