Abstract:Based on observation data from stations, lightning location observation data, Doppler radar base data, and ERA5(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation reanalysis, ERA5??) reanalysis data , the characteristics of cloud-to-ground(CG) lightning activity of the sea-effect snow with CG lightning in Shandong Peninsula from November to the second year of February 2017 to 2023 were studied. The results showed that: (1)The sea effect snow"s CG lightning in the Bohai Sea can occur from November to January, with the highest frequency in November and gradually decreasing from December to January, there was no CG in February. The diurnal variation of CG lightning exhibited a multi-peak structure, primarily occurring from early morning to noon. (2)The number and distribution range of CG lightning in snow-rain type sea-effect snow were greater than those of pure snow type. 90 % of the thunderstorm days with pure snow type sea-effect snow had CG lightning occurring less than 10 times. (3)CG lightning of two type sea-effect snow was distributed both over the Bohai Sea and on land, the distribution on land was connected to the terrain. CG lightning of snow-rain type was mainly distributed over the sea; whereas, CG lightning of pure snow type was mainly distributed on land, generally near areas of heavy snow, and in the northwest direction of the center of heavy snow(upper wind). The height of the snow-type’s convective development is higher than that of pure snow type. (4)The occurrence time and location of CG lightning had a certain indicative effect on the short-impending prediction of the snowfall intensity and location of strong sea-effect snow, and the snowfall intensity increased significantly with in 0-2 h after the occurrence of CG lightning in sea-effect snow. In proximity to CG lightning locations, one can observe centers of intense snowfall that may reach the characteristic of a blizzard.