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投稿时间:2023-06-18 修订日期:2021-01-18
投稿时间:2023-06-18 修订日期:2021-01-18
中文摘要: 冰雹灾害是新疆地区主要灾害性天气之一,具有地域性强、次数多、灾情重等特点,开展新疆不同地区冰雹云微物理特征研究具有重要意义。利用2015—2021年新疆地区强对流天气过程及对应NPP/VIIRS卫星资料,采用卫星云微物理反演技术,定量分析了冰雹云和深对流云微物理特征,对比研究了南北疆冰雹云微物理参量差异。结果表明:冰雹云晶化温度(-34.0℃)较深对流云(-30.5℃)更低,深对流云顶高度更高,冰雹云顶存在砧状结构。北疆地区冰雹多发在6—7月,南疆集中在5—7月发生,降雹时刻主要分布在15:00—20:00,南疆冰雹出现在凌晨和上午的占比较北疆多;北疆和南疆降雹持续时间均值集中在12.60 min和12.27 min,冰雹最大直径均值分别为13.53 mm和12.80 mm,北疆冰雹云顶更高、降雹持续时间较长,冰雹直径更大,冻结温度比南疆更低。北疆和南疆冰雹云底温度和云底高度均值分别为5.15℃、1.96 km和4.85℃、2.19 km,北疆云底温度比南疆暖,云底高度比南疆低;云底平均上升速度南疆(2.07 m·s-1)是北疆(1.84 m·s-1)的1.13倍,北疆冰雹云平均厚度(8.90 km)比南疆(8.79 km)大1.25%;受人类活动和工业污染等因素影响,北疆冰雹云底云凝结核数浓度均值(396 个·cm-3)比以农业为主的南疆地区(240 个·cm-3)多65%,冰雹云底最大过饱和度均值分别为0.55%和0.85%。受强上升气流影响,云粒子增长时间短,各个增长带发展缓慢,无雨胚形成带。有针对性地提前在云中低层播撒吸湿性核,促使云底尽早形成暖云降水或提高冰晶繁生能力,在低于-5℃层附近过量播撒AgI冰核,争食云中过冷水,可达到增雨防雹的目的。
中文关键词: 新疆地区,强对流云,NPP卫星,云微物理特征,区域差异
Abstract:Hail disaster is one of the main disastrous weather events in Xinjiang, with strong regional characteristics, multiple occurrences, and severe disasters. It is of great significance to conduct research on the microphysical characteristics of hail clouds in different regions of Xinjiang. This article uses severe convective weather processes in Xinjiang from 2015 to 2021 and corresponding NPP/VIIRS satellite data as well as satellite cloud microphysical inversion technology and quantitatively analyzes the microphysical characteristics of hail clouds and deep convective clouds. A comparative study is conducted on the differences in microphysical parameters of hail clouds in northern and southern Xinjiang. The results show that the crystallization temperature of hail cloud (-34.0℃) is lower than that of deep convective cloud (-30.5℃), the height of deep convective cloud top is higher, and the hail cloud top has anvil structure. Hail mostly occurs in June-July in northern Xinjiang, and in May-July in southern Xinjiang. Hail time is mainly distributed from 15:00 BT to 20:00 BT. Hail in southern Xinjiang occurs in the wee hours and morning, with higher frequency than in northern Xinjiang. The mean durations of hail in northern and southern Xinjiang are 12.60 min and 12.27 min, and the mean maximum diameters of hail are 13.53 mm and 12.80 mm, respectively. The hail cloud top in northern Xinjiang is higher, the duration of hail is longer, the diameter of hail is larger, and the freezing temperature is lower than that in southern Xinjiang. The mean cloud bottom temperature and cloud bottom height of hail in northern and southern Xinjiang are 5.15℃, 1.96 km and 4.85℃, 2.19 km, respectively. The cloud bottom temperature in northern Xinjiang is warmer than that in southern Xinjiang, and the cloud bottom height is lower than that in southern Xinjiang. The mean rising speed of cloud base in southern Xinjiang (2.07 m·s-1) is 1.13 times that in northern Xinjiang (1.84 m·s-1), and the average thickness of hail cloud in northern Xinjiang (8.90 km) is 1.25% greater than that in southern Xinjiang (8.79 km). Influenced by human activities, industrial pollution and other factors, the mean concentration of condensation nuclei at the bottom of hail cloud in northern Xinjiang (396 cm-3) is 65% higher than that in southern Xinjiang (240 cm-3) where agriculture is dominant. The mean maximum supersaturations of hail cloud bottom are 0.55% and 0.85%, respectively. Affected by the strong updraft, the growth time of hail cloud particles is short, each growth zone develops slowly, and there is no rain embryo formation zone. Targeted seeding of hygroscopic nuclei in the middle and lower layers of the cloud in advance can promote the formation of precipitation at the bottom of the cloud as soon as possible, and excessive seeding of AgI ice nuclei near the 0℃ layer will compete for the supercooled water in the cloud, which can achieve the goal of increasing rain and preventing hail.
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基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2021D01A153、2022D01B182)、中国气象局高影响天气重点开放实验室开放课题、新疆气象局科技创新发展基金项目(MS202412)和新疆气象局引导性计划项目(YD202201、YD202203)共同资助
引用文本:
王智敏,李斌,冯婉悦,刘贵华,李圆圆,岳治国,2024.基于NPP/VIIRS数据的新疆夏季强对流云微物理特征及其区域差异[J].气象,50(10):1175-1186.
WANG Zhimin,LI Bin,FENG Wanyue,LIU Guihua,LI Yuanyuan,YUE Zhiguo,2024.Microphysical Characteristics and Regional Differences of Summer Severe Convective Cloud in Xinjiang Based on NPP/VIIRS Data[J].Meteor Mon,50(10):1175-1186.
王智敏,李斌,冯婉悦,刘贵华,李圆圆,岳治国,2024.基于NPP/VIIRS数据的新疆夏季强对流云微物理特征及其区域差异[J].气象,50(10):1175-1186.
WANG Zhimin,LI Bin,FENG Wanyue,LIU Guihua,LI Yuanyuan,YUE Zhiguo,2024.Microphysical Characteristics and Regional Differences of Summer Severe Convective Cloud in Xinjiang Based on NPP/VIIRS Data[J].Meteor Mon,50(10):1175-1186.