Abstract:In 2022, the global mean temperature was about 1.15℃ (±0.13℃) above pre-industrial levels, making it the fifth warmest year. Sea level continued to rise in an upward trend. Arctic Sea ice was below normal and Antarctic Sea ice reached a record low. Pakistan, South Korea, India, Bangladesh, eastern Australia, Brazil, and central and southern Africa suffered rainstorm and floods. The Sahel Region and most of East Africa experienced severe drought. Europe, China, United States, Japan, Pakistan and India experienced record-breaking heat waves. North America and Europe were hit by cold surges and snow storms. Severe convective weather frequently hit parts of the world. A total of 40 tropical cyclones were generated around the world, the number and intensity of which were both lower than the climatic average. Causal analysis indicates that in July, the abnormally strong subtropical high belt in the Northern Hemisphere, along with the persistent and intense warm high-pressure system over Europe, resulted in prevailing subsiding air currents throughout the European Region’s troposphere. This led to record-breaking heat waves across multiple areas in Europe. From July to August, the abnormally strong and westward-shifted western Pacific subtropical high system, along with a redirection of moisture transport from the eastern part of the Bay of Bengal towards northern India and Pakistan, led to intense lower-level moisture convergence with the combined action of the South Asian and East Asian summer monsoons. This prolonged the maintenance of extreme precipitation events and led to the occurrence of severe flood disasters.