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气象:2023,49(1):27-38
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一次春季江淮气旋混合型对流天气特征及成因分析
吴涛,许冠宇,李双君,魏凡
(武汉中心气象台,武汉 430074)
Characteristics and Causes of a Mixed-Type Convective Weather During the Formation and Development of a Jianghuai Cyclone in Spring
WU Tao,XU Guanyu,LI Shuangjun,WEI Fan
(Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory, Wuhan 430074)
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投稿时间:2021-08-26    修订日期:2022-11-05
中文摘要: 采用天气雷达、高空地面观测、1°×1° NCEP再分析场资料,分析一次春季江淮气旋形成发展过程中混合型(冰雹、大风、短时强降水)对流天气特征,初步解释了不同类型对流天气形成发展的原因。结果表明:不同类型强对流天气在时空分布和对流特征上存在差异,其中局地冰雹主要由气旋形成阶段离散对流线产生,带状短时强降水由气旋形成阶段人字形对流线上及发展阶段S形对流线后部的列车线/邻接层状云类中尺度对流系统(MCS)产生,大范围大风主要由江淮气旋发展阶段S形对流线上尾随层状云降水类MCS产生。江淮气旋是大尺度天气系统斜压发展的结果,对流活动使锋面低层辐合增强,对气旋形成发展有加强作用。强对流天气的产生与江淮气旋动力热力场有密切关系。气旋形成阶段,西南涡结合山区地形提供了有利于鄂西南大冰雹形成的环境场,暖式切变线以及气旋发展阶段受南支槽影响的冷式切变线,提供有利于风暴列车效应形成的环境场而产生短时强降水;气旋发展阶段,冷式切变线提供有利于后部入流急流形成的环境场而产生大范围大风。
Abstract:By using weather radar, upper-level and ground observations and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of mixed-type convective weather during the formation and development of Jianghuai cyclone in spring, and the reasons why different types of convective weather occur and intensify. The results show that there are differences in spatio-temporal distribution and convective characteristics of different types of severe convective weather. The localized hail is mainly produced by discrete convective line in the formation stage of cyclone, the banded short-time severe precipitation is produced by TL/AS MCS which is located on herringbone convective line in the formation stage of cyclone and behind the S-shaped convective line in the development stage of cyclone, and the large-scale gale is produced by TS MCS on the S-shaped convective line in the development stage of Jianghuai cyclone. Jianghuai cyclone is the result of the baroclinic development of the large-scale weather systems, convective activities enhance the convergence of the low-level〖JP2〗 front, strengthening the formation and development of cyclone. The generation of severe convective weather is closely related to the dynamic and thermodynamic field of Jianghuai cyclone. In the cyclone formation stage, the southwest vortex combined with the mountainous terrain provides the environmental field conducive to the formation of hail in the southwest of Hubei Province. The warm shear line in the cyclone formation stage and the cold shear line affected by the south branch trough in the cyclone development stage provide the environmental field conducive to the formation of storm train effect which produces 〖JP2〗short-time severe precipitation. In the cyclone development stage, the cold shear line provides the environmental field conducive to the formation of the rear inflow jet, which is the main factor of gale formation.
文章编号:     中图分类号:P458    文献标志码:
基金项目:湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2022Z01-01)资助
引用文本:
吴涛,许冠宇,李双君,魏凡,2023.一次春季江淮气旋混合型对流天气特征及成因分析[J].气象,49(1):27-38.
WU Tao,XU Guanyu,LI Shuangjun,WEI Fan,2023.Characteristics and Causes of a Mixed-Type Convective Weather During the Formation and Development of a Jianghuai Cyclone in Spring[J].Meteor Mon,49(1):27-38.