Abstract:Based on VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning monitoring data, combined with S-band dual-polarization radar and ground observation data, the lightning characteristics of 31 hail cells in Fujian during 2017-2020 are analyzed by using statistical analysis and comparative analysis methods. The results show that before hailing, about two thirds of the lightning frequency peaks are more than 50 times per 6 min, and 80% hail cloud surface hail falls behind 3-25 min after the occurrence of the lightning peak. The total lightning frequency increases sharply before hail, and 70% of the hail storm cell average increase rate is more than 4 times per minute, and the time of lightning rapid jump ahead of hail is mostly 6-40 min. Cloud flash occurs the most in the mature stage of the three stages and the least in the developing stage. The results show that, before hail falling, above melting layer, the hail cloud is composed of hail and graupel, and under the melting layer, it is composed of dry hail, wet hail and rain particles, while the lower layer is mainly composed of wet hail. The lightning intensity is closely related to the echo intensity, the strongest echo height and the strong echo spreading height. These results could provide some references for hail recognition and lightning warning.