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投稿时间:2017-08-10 修订日期:2018-08-14
投稿时间:2017-08-10 修订日期:2018-08-14
中文摘要: 利用CloudSat卫星观测资料,从云物理观测和温度垂直结构角度对贵州地区冻雨形成机制进行分析。结果表明,对冰相机制的冻雨,CloudSat卫星的CPR雷达反射率、云冰含量和温度廓线产品能够描述冰相降水粒子在融化层中相变为液态水的“融冰”过程,雷达反射率回波0℃层亮带是该过程的直接反映,云冰含量产品也能够反映融化层对冰相降水粒子的融化作用。对“过冷暖雨”机制的冻雨,CloudSat卫星能够描述降水粒子在整层气温低于0℃的环境中保持过冷水状态下落的过程。研究基于云物理观测证实贵州冻雨存在一种具有融化层的暖雨机制,其大气存在着具有融化层的逆温结构,降水粒子在融化层中为普通液态水,在温度略低于0℃的环境中为过冷水,过冷水下落经过融化层时升温变为普通液态水,再继续下落进入次冻层冷却,最后与低于0℃的地面物体碰并冻结形成冻雨。冻雨形成机制不能通过融化层区分。
中文关键词: 贵州,冻雨,形成机制分析,CloudSat卫星观测资料
Abstract:The observation data of satellite CloudSat are used to analyze the mechanisms of freezing rain in Guizhou Province. The results show that, for the freezing rain under ice phased mechanism, reflectivity of cloud profile radar, ice water content and temperature profile of CloudSat data could describe the process of ice phased particles melting into liquid clearly. Bright bands of reflectivity at the 0℃ layer of cloud profile radar are the direct reflection of the melting process, and ice water content data could represent the melting process in melting layer as well. For the freezing rain under the super cooled warm rain mechanism, CloudSat data could depict the falling process of precipitation particles kept in the super cooled liquid in environment of temperature below 0℃ vertically. This research proves that the Guizhou freezing rain has warm rain mechanism with melting layer based on observation of cloud physics. With the existence of temperature inversion in vertical temperature profile, precipitation particles exist in the liquid state in melting layer but remain super cooled in environment of temperature below 0℃. The super cooled liquid precipitation particles could be heated when falling into melting layer, getting frosted into super cooled droplets in freezing layer below, colliding with surface objects and forming freezing rain with temperature below 0℃ at last. Thus, melting layer could not be used to distinguish the formation mechanism of freezing rain.
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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402702)、安徽省自然科学基金青年项目(1708085QD89)、国家自然科学基金项目(51509043和41775111)及国家气象中心水文气象预报团队项目共同资助
引用文本:
杨寅,赵春霞,宫宇,2018.基于CloudSat卫星观测的贵州冻雨形成机制分析[J].气象,44(10):1325-1331.
YANG Yin,ZHAO Chunxia,GONG Yu,2018.Analysis on Mechanisms of Freezing Rain in Guizhou Province Using CloudSat Data[J].Meteor Mon,44(10):1325-1331.
杨寅,赵春霞,宫宇,2018.基于CloudSat卫星观测的贵州冻雨形成机制分析[J].气象,44(10):1325-1331.
YANG Yin,ZHAO Chunxia,GONG Yu,2018.Analysis on Mechanisms of Freezing Rain in Guizhou Province Using CloudSat Data[J].Meteor Mon,44(10):1325-1331.