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气象:2017,43(11):1393-1401
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中国夏季气温变化的主模态及环流特征分析
张灵1,陈丽娟2,3,周月华1,熊开国1
(1 武汉区域气候中心,武汉 430074 2 国家气候中心,中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京 100081 3 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京 210044)
Dominant Modes of Summer Temperature over China and Its Associated Circulation Anomalies
ZHANG Ling1,CHEN Lijuan2,3,ZHOU Yuehua1,XIONG Kaiguo1
(1 Wuhan Regional Climate Centre, Wuhan 430074 2 Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Centre, CMA, Beijing 100081 3 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,  〓Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044)
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投稿时间:2016-12-02    修订日期:2017-07-10
中文摘要: 根据逐月气温资料、NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料,利用EOF分解和合成分析等统计方法,探讨了中国夏季逐月气温持续变化的主要模态及同期的大气环流特征。结果表明中国夏季气温变化可分为三个主要的模态:第一模态为全国一致型(UM),当时间系数为正(负)时,6—8月气温为全国一致偏高(低),UM型具有明显的年代际变化特征,20世纪90年代中期以前以一致偏低为主,以后以一致偏高为主;第二模态为南、北与中间反位相的三极子型(TM),当时间系数为正(负)时,6—8月东北、内蒙古、新疆、河套地区以及江南、华南气温偏高(低),而长江流域、黄淮等地气温偏低(高),其中以8月低(高)温范围最大。TM型同时具有明显的年代际和年际变化特征,在20世纪80年代以前以负位相为主,以后以正位相为主,但近些年年际信号增强且振荡明显。第三模态为长江以南与以北反位相的偶极型(DM),当时间系数为正(负)时,6月东北地区、内蒙古及河套北部、新疆北部气温偏低(高),以南的大部地区偏高(低),至7、8月偏低(高)气温范围明显南扩,但分界线止于长江沿线。进一步诊断发现,造成中国夏季逐月气温持续性变化的不同模态对应不同的环流特征。UM型气温模态主要受到东亚上空持续而深厚的高度场距平趋势的控制,大陆高压的强弱起到重要作用;气温TM型对应着环流场的三极子型分布,与东亚 太平洋遥相关型波列有关;DM型气温模态与东北冷涡活动的位置和强度及西太平洋高度场强度有关。
Abstract:Based on the monthly mean temperature data at 284 China stations and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, the dominant modes of three months’ temperature in summer and their associated circulation anomalies are investigated with empirical orthogonal function (EOF), composite analysis and other statistical methods. The three dominant modes can be calculated from EOF. The first mode (EOF1) depicts a uniform mode (UM) from north to south over China. The second mode (EOF2) depicts a tripole mode (TM) between Inner Mongolia, North China, South China and the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The third mode (EOF3) depicts a dipole mode between the north part and south part to the Yangtze River. The major circulation characteristics related with the three modes are different. UM is attributed to the equivalent barotropic atmosphere feature. The potential height anomaly shows the same tendency from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere over East Asia. TM is attributed to the East Asia Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern and the stratosphere height field anomaly in early spring can be used as a precursor for summer TM. The location and intensity of the West Pacific subtropical high and northeast cold vortex are very important to DM.
文章编号:     中图分类号:P466,P458    文献标志码:
基金项目:公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306021)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB453203)和国家自然科学基金项目(41275073)共同资助
引用文本:
张灵,陈丽娟,周月华,熊开国,2017.中国夏季气温变化的主模态及环流特征分析[J].气象,43(11):1393-1401.
ZHANG Ling,CHEN Lijuan,ZHOU Yuehua,XIONG Kaiguo,2017.Dominant Modes of Summer Temperature over China and Its Associated Circulation Anomalies[J].Meteor Mon,43(11):1393-1401.