北京地区冻雨时空分布及探空温湿特征分析

尤凤春; 付桂琴; 刘卓; 古月

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DOI:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2015.12.006

气象:2015,41(12):1488-1493

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北京地区冻雨时空分布及探空温湿特征分析

尤凤春¹, 付桂琴², 刘卓³, 古月³

(1.北京市气象台，北京 100089 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所，北京 100089;2.河北省气象服务中心，石家庄 050021;3.北京市气象台，北京 100089)

Analysis of Spatio Temporal Distribution and Sounding Temperature Humidity Characteristics of Freezing Rain in Beijing Area

YOU Fengchun¹, FU Guiqin², LIU Zhuo³, GU Yue³

(1.Beijing Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089 Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089;2.Hebei Meteorological Service Centre, Shijiazhuang 050021;3.Beijing Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089)

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投稿时间：2014-07-22 修订日期：2015-09-17

中文摘要: 利用1955年1月至2013年4月北京地区常规地面观测和南郊观象台探空资料，根据地面观测冻雨记录，分析了时空分布规律；依据冻雨发生时探空资料，初步分析了温湿结构特征和形成的物理机制类型。选取2000—2013年11月至次年4月常规地面观测和南郊观象台探空资料，根据地面观测降雨、雨夹雪、降雪记录，分析了与其对应的南郊观象台平均探空温湿结构，并与冻雨进行比较。结果表明，北京地区冻雨多发生在西北部和东南部，从11月开始至次年4月结束，并以暖雨机制为主（86.4%）；850 hPa以下温度层结曲线准垂直，且＜0℃是北京地区冻雨的主要特征；雨夹雪和冻雨的主要差异在850 hPa以下，低层雨夹雪气温高于冻雨。

中文关键词: 冻雨，时空分布，探空，温湿特征

Abstract:The spatio temporal distribution of freezing rain in Beijing is analyzed by using the surface observation data and sounding data from 1 January 1955 to 30 April 2013. The temperature humidity structure and the formation mechanism type of freezing rain are studied using the sounding data. Comparative analysis of the temperature humidity structure and its difference from freezing rain, rainfall, sleet and snow is done using the observation data collected from November to April in 2000-2013. The results show that freezing rain is prone to occur in the northeast and southeast of Beijing, from November to the next April, of which about 86.4% is warm rain mechanism. The temperature stratification curve under 850 hPa is nearly in vertical and the temperature is below 0℃, which is the main characteristics of Beijing regional freezing rain. The main difference between sleet and freezing rain is the temperature under 850 hPa, the temperature of sleet is higher than the freezing rain.

keywords: freezing rain, spatio temporal, sounding, temperature humidity characteristic

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基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金项目(IUMKY201304PP0104)资助

作者	单位
尤凤春	北京市气象台，北京 100089 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所，北京 100089
付桂琴	河北省气象服务中心，石家庄 050021
刘卓	北京市气象台，北京 100089
古月	北京市气象台，北京 100089

Author Name	Affiliation
YOU Fengchun	Beijing Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089 Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089
FU Guiqin	Hebei Meteorological Service Centre, Shijiazhuang 050021
LIU Zhuo	Beijing Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089
GU Yue	Beijing Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089

引用文本：
尤凤春,付桂琴,刘卓,古月,2015.北京地区冻雨时空分布及探空温湿特征分析[J].气象,41(12):1488-1493.
YOU Fengchun,FU Guiqin,LIU Zhuo,GU Yue,2015.Analysis of Spatio Temporal Distribution and Sounding Temperature Humidity Characteristics of Freezing Rain in Beijing Area[J].Meteor Mon,41(12):1488-1493.