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投稿时间：2013-09-23 修订日期：2014-09-29
投稿时间：2013-09-23 修订日期：2014-09-29
中文摘要: 运用全国雷电监测定位系统ADTD获取的2009年1月至2012年12月云地闪电资料，对我国闪电的时空分布特征进行统计分析。结果表明：地闪中负地闪占闪电总数的94%以上，正地闪占5%左右，我国闪电主要发生在5—9月，7、8月是闪电高发期，同雨带的推进有较好的对应关系。随着季风的推进，闪电从南向北，从东向西逐渐增多。闪电在夏季达最大，春秋季次之，冬季最小；闪电频次日变化主要呈单峰分布，全国闪电多发时段在16—17时，同强对流天气多发时段相对应。闪电总体分布南部比北部多，东部沿海比西部内陆多；闪电密度分布呈明显的地域性差异，其中华南地区、中东部地区以及四川盆地为我国闪电密度高值区；闪电白天主要发生在江浙以及广东沿海一带，夜间则主要发生在云贵、川渝内陆地区。午后至傍晚（14—20时）闪电最活跃，上午（08—14时）最不活跃。三个闪电高发区的闪电峰值所在月份不同，华南地区主要在6月，四川盆地主要在7月，而中东部地区则在8月出现最大值。春季闪电最活跃的区域是华南，这和该区域的前汛期降水密切相关。正负闪电强度主要集中在10~40 kA，累计概率在60%以上的正、负地闪电强度分别小于60 kA和35 kA；累计概率在90%以上的正、负地闪强度分别小于140 kA和65 kA，闪电强度的低值区主要分布负闪，而正闪主要分布在闪电强度的大值区。
中文关键词: 闪电活动， 时空分布， 闪电密度， 闪电强度
Abstract:Using the cloud to ground lightning data from 2009 to 2012 probed by ADTD Lightning Location Monitoring System, we analyze the spatio temporal distribution characteristics of flashes. The results show that: the negative lightning flashes are over 94% of the total, but the positive lightning accounts for about 5%. Lightning is prone to occur from May to September, most frequently seen in July and August, which is correspondent to rainfall belts. With the advance of monsoons, lightning flashes gradually increase from south to north and from east to west. Summer has lightnings the most, followed by spring and autumn, and in winter almost none. The diurnal distributions of lightnings show the single peak characteristic, and most of them occur in 16:00-17:00 BT, corresponding to the time periods of severe convective weather events. The overall distribution of lightning is that there are more in Eastern coast and the South than in western inland and the North. The lightning density distribution has obvious regional differences. The central and eastern regions, South China and the Sichuan Basin are the high lightning density area. The daytime lightning mainly occurs in the coastal areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong while the night lightning usually appears in inland areas of Yunnan, Sichuan and Chongqing. The lightning in the afternoon (14:00-20:00 BT) is most active, but less active from 08:00 to 14:00 BT. The lightning high value areas in different regions appear in different months. The high lightning value of South China is in June, Sichuan Basin in July and the central and eastern parts in August. Spring lightning of southern China is most active, which is closely related to the pre rainy season in the region. The positive and negative lightning intensity is mainly concentrated in the 10 to 40 kA. The positive and negative ground lightning intensities with cumulative probability of more than 60% are less than 60 kA, 35 kA respectively. The positive and negative lightning intensities with cumulative probability of more than 90% are less than 140 kA, 65 kA respectively. Lightning intensity low value areas mainly distribute in negative lightnings while the high value areas often appear in positive lightnings.
keywords: lightning activities, spatio temporal distribution, lightning density, lightning intensity
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41175048)和公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201006005和GYHY201206004）共同资助
引用文本：
王娟,谌芸,2015.2009—2012年中国闪电分布特征分析[J].气象,41(2):160-170.
WANG Juan,CHEN Yun,2015.Analysis of the 2009-2012 Lightning Distribution Characteristics in China[J].Meteor Mon,41(2):160-170.
王娟,谌芸,2015.2009—2012年中国闪电分布特征分析[J].气象,41(2):160-170.
WANG Juan,CHEN Yun,2015.Analysis of the 2009-2012 Lightning Distribution Characteristics in China[J].Meteor Mon,41(2):160-170.