春季西南热低压的发生发展与结构特征

杨静; 汪超; 雷云; 万雪丽

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DOI:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2013.02.003

气象:2013,39(2):146-155

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春季西南热低压的发生发展与结构特征

杨静^1,2, 汪超², 雷云³, 万雪丽²

(1.贵州省山地与气候资源重点实验室，贵阳 550002;2.贵州省气象台，贵阳 550002;3.贵州省气象局，贵阳 550002)

Genesis， Development and Structure Characteristics of Southwest Heat Low in Spring

YANG Jing^1,2, WANG Chao², LEI Yun³, WAN Xueli²

(1.Key Laboratory of Hilly Mountain and Climatic Resources of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550002;2.Guizhou Meteorological Observatory， Guiyang 550002;3.Guizhou Meteorological Service, Guiyang 550002)

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投稿时间：2011-11-15 修订日期：2012-11-12

中文摘要: 通过普查1997—2006年3—5月典型西南热低压天气过程，分析其气候特征，归纳热低压的生命史，将其分为4个不同的发展阶段：初生、成熟、相持和填塞。利用台站观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°及2.5°×2.5°再分析资料，对7次典型的春季西南热低压过程进行合成分析，揭示了成熟阶段和填塞阶段热低压结构特征。分析结果表明：在春季西南热低压系统控制下，气压降幅显著，气温升高、相对湿度降低，午后偏南风加大，气象要素具有明显的日变化特征；68%的热低压会给西南地区造成35℃以上的高温，32%的热低压给贵州造成高温。热低压系统为浅薄暖性低压，干区深厚，低压区为辐合区、正涡度区，以上升运动为主，并且是对流性不稳定。热低压填塞阶段，受冷空气侵入，低压北侧偏北风加大，近地层气旋的辐合增强，低压内为高能区，在冷空气的向南推进过程中，易出现强对流天气。

中文关键词: 西南热低压，天气特征，发生发展，结构特征

Abstract:Climatic characteristics and life characteristics of southwest heat low are analyzed through survey from March to May of 1997-2006. In view of synoptic point, it can be divided into four developing stages: primary, mature, maintenance and decay. Based on the station observational data as well as NCEP reanalysis data, the typical southwest heat lows in spring are analyzed and the structural characteristics are revealed. The diagnostic results show that under the control of southwest heat low in spring, pressure decreasing and temperature increasing are significant, and meteorological elements have obviously diurnal variations. Southwest heat low is a shallow warm low, but with deep dry zone. The low zone is characterized by convergence and positive vorticity. This system is of convective instability.

keywords: southwest heat low, synoptic characteristics, genesis and development, structure characteristics

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基金项目:贵州省科技厅黔科合重大专项字（2006）6034号和贵州省气象局科技开放基金黔气科合KF（2008）08号共同资助

作者	单位
杨静	贵州省山地与气候资源重点实验室，贵阳 550002 贵州省气象台，贵阳 550002
汪超	贵州省气象台，贵阳 550002
雷云	贵州省气象局，贵阳 550002
万雪丽	贵州省气象台，贵阳 550002

Author Name	Affiliation
YANG Jing	Key Laboratory of Hilly Mountain and Climatic Resources of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550002 Guizhou Meteorological Observatory， Guiyang 550002
WANG Chao	Guizhou Meteorological Observatory， Guiyang 550002
LEI Yun	Guizhou Meteorological Service, Guiyang 550002
WAN Xueli	Guizhou Meteorological Observatory， Guiyang 550002

引用文本：
杨静,汪超,雷云,万雪丽,2013.春季西南热低压的发生发展与结构特征[J].气象,39(2):146-155.
YANG Jing,WANG Chao,LEI Yun,WAN Xueli,2013.Genesis， Development and Structure Characteristics of Southwest Heat Low in Spring[J].Meteor Mon,39(2):146-155.