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气象:2011,37(6):669-676
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近50年我国冰雹年代际变化及北方冰雹趋势的成因分析
(1.中国气象科学研究院, 北京100081;2.国家气候中心, 北京100081;3.中国气象局预报与网络司, 北京 100081)
Inter Decadal Change of Hail Events over China and Causation Analysis in Northern China in Recent 50 Years
(1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;2. National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;3.National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;4.Forecast and Network Department, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081)
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中文摘要: 利用1958—2007年中国755个站的逐日冰雹资料和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及环流特征量,研究了中国近50年冰雹时空变化特征。研究表明,20世纪70年代末、80年代初我国冰雹呈下降趋势,尤其是80年代末以来降雹次数基本低于近50年的平均值,其中我国北方冰雹下降趋势比南方显著,除黄淮、江淮、长江中下游和华南地区外,全国大部分地区冰雹下降趋势都通过了0.05的显著性水平检验,尤其是东北、华北、西北和青藏高原中东部地区。分析表明,20世纪70年代末大尺度环流系统的一系列调整是我国北方冰雹减少的主要原因,200 hPa高空西风急流南移,导致我国北方纬向风场减弱,风速垂直切变减小,对流减弱;850 hPa高度场升高不利于极地冷空气南下和对流系统的建立;同时副高增强,极涡减弱使大气层结稳定,冷空气活动减弱。伴随着大尺度环流的调整,局地垂直温度场结构的变化是影响降雹次数的一个重要原因,局地0 ℃线和-20 ℃线之间过冷却水滴累积区距离缩短,不利于雹粒充分地碰并增长,这对东北、华北和西北西部降雹出现显著减少具有十分重要的作用。
Abstract:With data of hail days at 755 stations, NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis and atmospheric circulation characteristics from 1958 to 2007, we have investigated the inter decadal change of hail events in China. The results indicate that the overall trend of hail events has declined remarkably since the 1980s. Most of China has a descending tendency especially in the Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and East Central Tibetan Plateau. According to the analysis of relation between hail events and wind fields, height fields, subtropical high, polar vortex and temperature fields, we have found that the hail event has declined significantly in northern China, which is related to the southward shift of the 200 hPa westerly jet stream, the upward elevating of the 850 hPa height field, the weakening of the subtropical high, the strengthening of the polar vortex and the shortening of the distance between 0 ℃ and -20 ℃.
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基金项目:科技部科技支撑项目(2007BAC29B04)资助
引用文本:
符琳,李维京,张培群,张强,高歌,2011.近50年我国冰雹年代际变化及北方冰雹趋势的成因分析[J].气象,37(6):669-676.
FU Lin,LI Weijing,ZHANG Peiqun,ZHANG Qiang,GAO Ge,2011.Inter Decadal Change of Hail Events over China and Causation Analysis in Northern China in Recent 50 Years[J].Meteor Mon,37(6):669-676.