Abstract:With the analysis on the high temperature days(≥35.0 ℃) from 102 observational stations over eastern China (25°-35°N，110°-122°E) in 1958-2007, it is found that the high temperature weather in eastern China has the same rate of change in most years, but some years it has a contrary distribution in south and north, and this distribution has no relation with the high temperature intensity. Using the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data, the typical year circulation backgrounds are analyzed. The results show: in the anomalous years that the heat wave mainly concentrates in south, it has a “positive negative” pattern of geopotential height anomaly in 500 hPa from south to north in East Asian，and there is a vertical counterclockwise cycle from north to south in 25°-35°N compared with normal years. In the years that the heat wave mainly concentrates in north, it is opposite. The EOF analysis of the numbers of annual high temperature days reveals that the second leading mode respectively indicate the heat wave’s contrary distribution in meridional direction and its time series can reflect the intensity of this deviation as an index. The correlation analyses denote that the variation of this distribution is well related to the December 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly and the SST anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean in May last year. It is also related to the many atmospheric circulation indexes of spring and precedent winter. 