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投稿时间：2009-08-10 修订日期：2010-03-18
投稿时间：2009-08-10 修订日期：2010-03-18
中文摘要: 为揭示湖北地区云地闪电时空分布特征及雷电活动规律，以满足雷电灾害防护和雷击风险评估工作需要，采用湖北不同地理位置的13个雷击探测仪组成的闪电监测定位系统获取的2006年3月至2009年2月的云地闪电资料，从闪电的极性分布、日变化、月变化、强度、闪电密度、累计概率分布等方面进行统计分析。结果表明：云地闪电中负闪电占闪电总数的96.2%；正闪电占闪电总数的3.8%；闪电频次的日变化呈明显的单峰单谷型，一日中，最大值出现在15—16时，最小值在09—10时；一年中，4—8月闪电次数占全年闪电总数的95.9%，其中7—8月闪电次数最多；正、负闪电的强度主要集中在10~50 kA，大于30 kA的累积概率在50%以下，大于60 kA的累积概率8.1%，大于100 kA 的累积概率1.6%；拟合出湖北地区大于某雷电流强度累积概率方程，经统计分析，实测值与计算值相关系数达0.99998。闪电密度分布呈明显的地域性差异，鄂东南的嘉鱼县、咸宁、黄石、鄂州市一带为闪电高密度区，鄂西的远安县、当阳市附近为闪电次高密度区。山区与丘陵、平原交接地带，即地表状况发生明显变化的地带，是雷电多发地带。鄂西南山区县市雷电日数较多，闪电密度不一定随之增加，其原因可能是山区县市土壤电阻率较大和山区局地小气候环境共同影响的结果。
中文关键词: 云地闪电， 时空变化， 闪电强度， 累积概率， 闪电密度
Abstract:This paper revealed spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and rules of lightning activity in Hubei Area. The results can be used in lightning protection and lightning risk assessment. The research is based on the cloud ground lightning data from Mar.2006 to Feb.2009 collected by the lightning detection and location system which is composed of 13 lightning detectors. The daily and monthly lightning variation, lightning intensity, polarity and density, and the time and space distribution features of cloud ground lightning in Hubei area are analyzed. The results are showed as follows: the ratio of negative lightning is 96.2%, and the ratio of positive lightning is 3.8%; Daily variation of lightning frequency shows obviously single peak and single valley, its maximum value appears at 15:00—16:00 LT(local time), the minimum value appears at 9:00—10:00 LT. The number of the lightning appearing from April to August in one year accounts to 96.7% of the annual total; the lightning appears most frequently in July and August; The intensity of positive and negative lightning is mainly concentrated in 10-50 kA. The number of the lightning whose intensity more than 30 kA accounts to 50% of the total, more than 60 kA accounts to 8.1%, more than 100 kA accounts to 1.6%. A probability equation is set up according to the lightning intensity and its corresponding cumulative frequency. Through statistical analysis, the correlation coefficient between the measured values and the calculated is as high as 0.99998. Lightning density distribution has obvious regional difference, the high density areas of lightning are cities of Jiayu，Xianning，Huangshi，Ezhou in Southeast Hubei．And the second high density areas are Yuanan,Dangyang nearby in western Hubei. Mountains and hills, plain transition zone, that is, the situation of the surface changed significantly zone is a lightning prone area. Thunderstorm days in mountain counties and cities in Southwest Hubei are more, but lightning density does not necessarily increase as the thunderstorm days. The reason possibly is a result of the combined effect of two factors: the mountain county soil resistivity is larger and these places belong to the local microclimate environment.
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基金项目:湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目“湖北省雷电灾害时空特征研究”（2007Y03）资助
引用文本：
王学良,刘学春,黄小彦,史雅静,2010.湖北地区云地闪电时空分布特征分析[J].气象,36(10):91-96.
WANG Xueliang,LIU Xuechun,HUANG Xiaoyan,SHI Yajing,2010.Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of the Cloud-Ground Lightning in Hubei Area[J].Meteor Mon,36(10):91-96.
王学良,刘学春,黄小彦,史雅静,2010.湖北地区云地闪电时空分布特征分析[J].气象,36(10):91-96.
WANG Xueliang,LIU Xuechun,HUANG Xiaoyan,SHI Yajing,2010.Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of the Cloud-Ground Lightning in Hubei Area[J].Meteor Mon,36(10):91-96.