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投稿时间:2008-06-20 修订日期:2009-03-13
投稿时间:2008-06-20 修订日期:2009-03-13
中文摘要: 利用1961—2007年全国721个气象站的霾天气观测资料,分析了中国大陆地区霾天气的时空
分布特征。结果表明:中国的霾天气主要分布在100°E以东、42°N以南地区,且“浊岛”
现象非常明显;霾天气的季节分布基本为冬多夏少;近47年中国霾天气的总体趋势为波动增
多,线性倾向率为3.19d/10a,1960年代至1970年代中期处于少霾的负位相,1976—2000年
在很弱的正位相内振荡,但近5年霾天气显著增多;47年间中国霾天气序列有2次明显的突变
,分别位于1970年代中期和2000年之后;在年际尺度上,霾天气与风力条件具有很好的反相
关对应关系,f≥5m?s-1日数和f≥10m?s-1日数与霾日数的相
关系数分别为-0.809和-0.734,表明风力条件(大气污染物稀释扩散能力)的变化对霾天气
增减趋势的影响非常显著。
中文关键词: 霾 时空分布特征 Mann Kendall法 滑动t-检验法
Abstract:Based on available observation data from 721 meteor
ological stations
for the period from 1961 to 2007, the temporal and spatial distribution characte
ristics of hazes in China were analyzed. Preliminary results show that haze
s occurred mainly in eastern China (east of 100°E) and southern China (south of
42°N), with some obvious high incidence centers called generally as “muddy
isla
nd”. Hazes occurred frequently in winter, and not inclined to happen in sum
mer. In the past 47 years, hazes in China on the whole increased with a linear t
endency of 3.19 days per decade and two abrupt change points, respectively i
n th
e mid 1970s and after the year of 2000. During 1961-1975, hazes in China were l
ess than the average, keeping negative phase, then fluctuated in weak positive p
hase from 1976 to 2000. In recent 5 years, 〖JP2〗hazes were increasing
quickly. The correlation coefficients, inter annual scale, between hazes and t
wo wind force indices (i. e. the number of days with wind force f≥5 m/s and
f≥
10 m/s) are -0.809 and -0.734 respectively. These significant negative corre
lations explain that the change of wind dilute ability for air pollution does ex
ert obvious influence on tendency of hazes.
文章编号: 中图分类号: 文献标志码:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40305008)与国家科技支撑计划课题(批准号:2007BAC29B0
1)共同资助
引用文本:
胡亚旦,周自江,2009.中国霾天气的气候特征分析[J].气象,35(7):73-78.
Hu Yadan,Zhou Zijiang,2009.Climatic Characteristics of Haze in China[J].Meteor Mon,35(7):73-78.
胡亚旦,周自江,2009.中国霾天气的气候特征分析[J].气象,35(7):73-78.
Hu Yadan,Zhou Zijiang,2009.Climatic Characteristics of Haze in China[J].Meteor Mon,35(7):73-78.