Rational use of terrestrial water resource can guarantee the sustainable development of regional society and economy. The quality and quantity of terrestrial water resource are in large extent determined by atmospheric water resource, which consists of atmospheric moisture, clouds, fog and atmospheric precipitation. Evident spatial-temporal variation exists in atmospheric water resource, and the decadal and centennial change of atmospheric water resource is attracting more attention from scientific community. In order to provide sufficient support for regional planning and management of water resource, climatologists should focus more on investigation of atmospheric water resource, monitoring and prediction of atmospheric water resource and invention of institutions in the coming decade.