The spatio-temporal distribution of thunderstorm high winds (THWs) in Jiangxi are comprehensively analyzed based on hourly automated surface observation data, ground-based flash observations , and the weather radar measurements for the period from 2015 to 2023. ERA5 reanalysis data are further used to investigate the atmospheric environment preceding the onset of THWs. Results show that the THWs occur mainly in spring and summer, with significant seasonal variations between north-central and south. Specifically, the frequency of THWs occurring in spring is only slightly higher than in summer in north-central of Jiangxi, while the frequency of THWs in summer is more than twice as high as in spring in south of Jiangxi. THWs show obvious diurnal variation, the highest frequency of THWs is from 14：00 to 20：00, the frequency of THWs in north-central of Jiangxi from evening to night is much higher than in south of Jiangxi. Thermodynamic and water vapor characteristics of THWs in Jiangxi Province show significant spatio-temporal differences. In the same season the dynamics are generally stronger in north-central of Jiangxi than in south of Jiangxi, while the thermal and water vapor effects are stronger in south of Jiangxi than in north-central of Jiangxi. The thermal and water vapor effects are more favourable in summer than in spring, and the dynamics effects in spring are stronger. The convective instability energy required for THWs varies by time period , but all occur under unstable conditions，with THWs occurring more frequently under low vertical wind shear in the afternoon, and more frequently in the late night under strong vertical wind shear, besides the upper dry and lower wet structure in the daytime is more pronounced than at night. Therefore, it’s crucial to set environmental parameter thresholds by season, by region, and by time period in order to provide the most accurate guidance on THWs forecasts and warnings. The spring in north-central of Jiangxi, if Shear6 is large enough and distributed in the range of 30~33 m·s－１, even if MUCAPE is only in the range of 0~500 J·kg－１and PW is only in the range of 43~48 mm, it’s imperative that we remain vigilant for the advent of THWs. In order to accurately forecast the occurrence of THWs in summer, it is essential to pay attention to the MUCAPE and PW. Espercially in south of Jiangxi, where THWs tend to occur with greater frequency under weak mid-level vertical wind shear.When PW > 60mm and MUCAPE > 1500J·kg－１, even though Shear6 is minimal and confined to a range of 5~8 m·s－１, it is imperative to contemplate the potential for THWs. The increase of water vapour is important for the occurrence of THWs in different regions during different seasons.Therefore, changes in PW should be focused on when forecasting THWs.