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投稿时间：2021-12-07 修订日期：2023-05-24
投稿时间：2021-12-07 修订日期：2023-05-24
中文摘要: 利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及常规气象水文实况观测资料，研究了2021年汉江秋汛的水雨情及环流异常特征，并初步分析了致洪成因，结果表明：2021年汉江流域降水呈西多东少分布，汉江上游累计降水量400～985 mm，累积面雨量居1961年以来第1位。秋汛期间丹江口水库出现10000 m3·s-1以上的洪峰过程7次，汉江中下游主要水文控制站点累积超警时间151 h～580 h，最大超警幅度0.29 m～1.56 m，呈现越到下游超警时间越长、超警幅度越大的特征。与2011、2017年水情对比表明，2021年汉江上游洪峰出现时间最早，洪峰次数最多，上游高水位流量持续时间最长，汉江中下游累计超警时间也最长，水情的异常程度明显更强。巴尔喀什湖低槽、我国大陆东部至欧洲北部高压脊、副热带高压、南亚高压、东亚副热带西风急流均较历史同期异常偏强，异常的低层流场及水汽辐合中心的形成，对流场高层的辐散抽吸，是汉江上游降水得以持续并阶段性增强的有利环流配置。当丹江口水库入库流量接近2000 m3·s-1后，汉江上游60 mm以上的5 d累计面雨量与10000 m3·s-1以上的洪峰密切相关。上游来水增大后，汉江中下游河道逐级收窄是导致降水并不明显的汉江中下游地区出现超警洪水的主要原因。
中文关键词: 汉江秋汛，华西秋雨，环流异常，水文特征，致洪成因
Abstract:Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and conventional meteorological and hydrological observation data, the meteorological and hydrological characteristics and circulation anomalies and possible causes of autumn flood of Hanjiang River in 2021 are analyzed.The results show that the precipitation in Hanjiang River in 2021 is more in the West and less in the East. The cumulative precipitation in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River is 400~985 mm, and the cumulative area rainfall ranks first since 1961.During the autumn flood season,the Danjiangkou reservoir has a flood peak process of more than 10000 m3·S-1 for 7 times.The cumulative alarm time of the main hydrological control stations in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River is 151 h~580 h,and the maximum amplitude over warnig line is 0.29 m~1.56 m,showing the characteristics of the longer alarm time and the higher amplitude over warnig line in the lower reaches.The comparison with the water regime in 2011 and 2017 shows that in 2021,the flood peak in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River appears the earliest,the number of flood peaks is the largest,the duration of high water level in the upper reaches is the longest,the cumulative alarm time in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River is also the longest,and the degree of abnormality of water regime is obviously stronger.The low trough of Balkash Lake,the high ridge from the east of mainland China to the north of Europe,the subtropical high,the South Asian high and the East Asia subtropical westerly jet are abnormally stronger than those in the same period in history,the formation of abnormal low-level flow field and water vapor convergence center,and the divergence and suction of high-level flow field are large-scale circulation background for the continuous and enhancement of precipitation.When the inflow of Danjiangkou reservoir is close to 2000 m3·s-1,the 5d cumulative area rainfall above 60 mm in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River is closely related to the flood peak above 10000 m3·s-1.After the increase of upstream inflow, the narrowing of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River is the main reason for the over alarm flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River where the precipitation is not obvious.
keywords: Hanjiang autumn flood,autumn rain in Western China,circulation anomaly,hydrological characteristics,causes of flood
文章编号：202112070395 中图分类号： 文献标志码：
基金项目:湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA087)，灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2021LASW-A03)，中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z033），气象行业标准预研究项目(Y-2022-03)
| Author Name | Affiliation | Address |
| GAO Qi | Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory | 武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 |
| WU CuiHong | ||
| XU Ming |
引用文本：
GAO Qi,WU CuiHong,XU Ming,0.Study on Hydrological and Precipitation Characteristics and Circulation Anomalies in Autumn Flood Season of Hanjiang River in 2021[J].Meteor Mon,():-.
GAO Qi,WU CuiHong,XU Ming,0.Study on Hydrological and Precipitation Characteristics and Circulation Anomalies in Autumn Flood Season of Hanjiang River in 2021[J].Meteor Mon,():-.
GAO Qi,WU CuiHong,XU Ming,0.Study on Hydrological and Precipitation Characteristics and Circulation Anomalies in Autumn Flood Season of Hanjiang River in 2021[J].Meteor Mon,():-.
GAO Qi,WU CuiHong,XU Ming,0.Study on Hydrological and Precipitation Characteristics and Circulation Anomalies in Autumn Flood Season of Hanjiang River in 2021[J].Meteor Mon,():-.